| 7.92x33mm Kurz | ||
|---|---|---|
German 7.92x33mm Kurz cartridge |
||
| Type | Rifle | |
| Place of origin | Germany | |
| Service history | ||
| Used by | Nazi Germany | |
| Wars | World War II - present day | |
| Production history | ||
| Designer | Polte ammunition works, Magdeburg[1] | |
| Designed | 1938[1] | |
| Specifications | ||
| Parent case | 7.92x57mm[2] | |
| Case type | Rimless, bottleneck | |
| Bullet diameter | 8.2 mm (0.32 in) | |
| Neck diameter | 8.9 mm (0.35 in) | |
| Shoulder diameter | 11.2 mm (0.44 in) | |
| Base diameter | 11.9 mm (0.47 in) | |
| Rim diameter | 11.9 mm (0.47 in) | |
| Case length | 33 mm (1.3 in) | |
| Overall length | 49 mm (1.9 in) | |
| Rifling twist | 1:250 mm (1:10 inch) | |
| Primer type | Berdan | |
| Ballistic performance | ||
| Bullet weight/type | Velocity | Energy |
| 8.1 g (125 gr) Ball | 685 m/s (2,250 ft/s) | 1,909 J (1,408 ft·lbf) |
| Source(s): "Cartridges of the World" [3] | ||
7.92x33mm Kurz,[4][5][6][7] or 8x33mm Kurz is a rifle cartridge developed in Nazi Germany prior to and during World War II. The ammunition is also referred to as 7.9mm Kurz (German: Kurz meaning short), 7.9 Kurz, or 7.9mmK, or 8x33 Polte. It was specifically intended for development of an automatic carbine (assault rifle). The round was developed as a compromise between the longer 8x57mm IS rifle and 9x19mm Parabellum pistol rounds, and is known as an intermediate cartridge (German: Mittelpatrone).
Contents |
In German military instructions, the caliber was often deemed unimportant; the name was emphasized. The 7.92x33mm "Kurz"[4][5][6][7] or 8mm Kurz was referred to as the Pistolenpatrone M43 (pistol cartridge model 1943), Pistolen-Munition M43 (pistol ammunition model 1943); after the inception of the Sturmgewehr 44, it was called the "short cartridge model 1943" (German: Kurzpatrone 43).
The cartridge was the same caliber as the 7.92x57mm,[2] which was employed by the standard German Army infantry rifle, the Karabiner 98k, as well as its machine guns. The German armed forces had issued a 7.92x57mm automatic rifle, the FG 42, in limited numbers, but the heavy recoil of the round made it difficult to use efficiently in this role.
What was needed was a cartridge that could be used in a lighter, more maneuverable rifle to bridge the gap between submachine guns and rifles. The standard issue 7.92x57mm cartridge case was shorten by 24mm. With a case length of only 33 mm, the Kurz round was substantially shorter and delivered less recoil than full-length 7.92x57mm, but was still as effective when engaging targets at typical combat ranges of 300 m (328 yd). This meant it could be fired effectively from a weapon that weighed less than a machine gun, yet still had much greater range, velocity, and stopping power than the 9mm Parabellum which was standard in German submachine guns.
The shortage of brass in the later stages of World War II led to the use of steel cases for this new cartridge. The Kurz cartridge incorporated more taper than the parent case because steel is less elastic than brass and more difficult to extract. This led to the distinctive curved magazine for weapons that used this cartridge. The steel cases were typically lacquer-coated to prevent corrosion.
Prior to the development of the Kurz round and its associated weapons, two basic small arms existed to equip the regular infantry rifleman. The battle rifle (a bolt-action rifle in most armies of the time) was the standard small arm, usually incorporating good accuracy and stopping power, but with a very limited rate of fire. The submachine gun was a newer piece of equipment, which offered a very high rate of fire, and a compact size, but was of very limited range and stopping power due to the pistol round (usually 9mm) it fired. While the Kurz round did not match the range and accuracy of a full power round fired by a traditional bolt-action rifle, it could still engage individual targets out to 300 m (328 yd). As an effective, intermediate-sized cartridge, the Kurz round was a key evolution in the development of the assault rifle by providing a combination of a high volume of fire and acceptable accuracy at ranges most likely to see infantry combat, and the stopping power to be deadly.
Only a few weapons used this round, among them being the Sturmgewehr 44, Sturmgewehr 45, HIW VSK, Volkssturmgewehr 1-5, Wimmersperg Spz-kr; and a number of German prototype weapons made during World War II and a small number of prototype weapons made in other countries after the war. An unknown number of late-war K43 rifles were chambered for this cartridge and modified to accept MP 44 magazines.[8] Variants of the VK 98 (Volks-Karabiner), a so-called last-ditch bolt-action rifle intended for the Volkssturm Home Guard, were also chambered this cartridge with unknown quantities produced by Mauser[9] and Steyr.
After World War II, the cartridge was tested and used in prototype rifles in Argentina and Belgium, amongst other nations, during the late 1940s and early 1950s. The first FN FAL prototype was designed to fire the cartridge when NATO was organized. After the war it was manufactured by East Germany (the GDR), Czechoslovakia (ČSSR), and Egypt.
Spain continued development after the war, creating a few variants of the cartridge, such as tracer rounds, boat-tailed rounds and slightly shorter bullets that have a lead core. These developments were encouraged by Calzada Bayo, a Spanish lieutenant colonel.[10] However, they were canceled and Spanish CETME rifles were chambered for a variant of the 7.62×51 NATO round.
Demand for the ammunition still exists, as the StG 44 is still in use by some within the Lebanese Forces militia,[11] as well as irregular forces in some countries in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East, where captured German arms were distributed as military aid by Eastern Bloc countries as well as Yugoslavia. It is currently manufactured by the Prvi Partizan factory in Užice, Serbia.